Bed, Breakfast and Friendship: Intimacy and Distance in Small-Scale Hospitality Businesses

Authors

  • Erika Andersson Cederholm Department of Service Management, Lund University, Sweden
  • Johan Hultman Department of Service Management, Lund University, Sweden

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.10221365

Keywords:

Hospitality, intimacy, distance, performativity, boundary work, life-style entrepreneurs

Abstract

Through an analysis of the narrative of a Bed and Breakfast (B & B) and art gallery owner, the emergence of intimacy as a commercial value in the hospitality industry is illustrated. This is a formation of economic value where economic rationality as a motive for commercial activity is rejected. Simultaneously though, a different set of market attitudes are performed by hospitality practitioners in the course of everyday interactions with customers, and a tension between emotional, spatial and temporal intimacy and distance is uncovered and discussed. It is concluded that commercial friendship is a more complex issue than what has been acknowledged so far in the hospitality literature. A continued discussion of intimacy in hospitality will therefore affect the cultural understanding of emotions, identity and lifestyle values on the one hand, and business strategy, value creation and markets on the other.

References

Allen, Davina (2001): “Narrating Nursing Jurisdiction: ‘Atrocity Tales’ and ‘Boundary-work’”, Symbolic Interaction, 24:1, 75–103. Albrecht, Milton C. (1968): "Art as an Institution", American Sociological Review, 33:3, 383–397. [Read this article]

Andersen, Kay & Susan Smith (2001): “Editorial: Emotional Geographies”, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS, 26:1, 7–10.

Andersson, Tommy; Jack Carlsen & Donald Getz (2002): “Family Business Goals in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector: Case Studies and Cross-Case Analysis from Australia, Canada, and Sweden”, Family Business Review, 15:2, 89–106. [Read this article]

Andersson Cederholm, Erika & Johan Hultman (2010): “The Value of Intimacy – Negotiating Commercial Relationships in Lifestyle Entrepreneurship”, Scandinavian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 10:1, 16–32. [Read this article]

Ateljevic, Irena & Stephen Doorne (2000): “’Staying Within the Fence’: Lifestyle Entrepreneurship in Tourism”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8:5, 378–392. [Read this article]

Bærenholdt, Jörgen Ole; Michale Haldrup; Jonas Larsen & John Urry (2004): Performing Tourist Places, Aldershot: Ashgate.

Bærenholdt, Jörgen Ole & Hanne Louise Jensen (2009): “Performative Work in Tourism”, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 9:4, 349–365. [Read this article]

Berglund, Karin (2007): Jakten på entreprenörer. Om öppningar och låsningar i entreprenörskapsdiskursen [The Hunt for Entrepreneurs: About Openings and Lock-ins in the Discourse on Entrepreneurship]. Mälardalen University Press Dissertations, no. 39, Västerås: Mälardalen University.

Callon, Michael & Fabin Muniesa (2005): “Peripheral Vision: Economic Markets as Calculative Collective Devices”, Organization Studies, 26:8, 1229–1250. [Read this article]

Cantó Milà, Natalia (2005): A Sociological Theory of Value. Georg Simmel´s Relationism, New Brunswick & London: Transaction Publishers.

Constanti, Panikkos & Paul Gibbs (2005): “Emotional Labour and Surplus Value: The Case of Holiday ‘Reps’”, The Service Industries Journal, 25:1, 103–116. [Read this article]

Di Domenico, MariaLaura (2005): “Producing Hospitality, Consuming Lifestyles: Lifestyle Entrepreneurship in Urban Scotland”, Eleri Jones & Claire Haven-Tang (eds): Tourism SMEs, Service Quality and Destination Competitiveness, Wallington: CABI, 109–123.

Di Domenico, MariaLaura & Paul Lynch (2007): “Commercial Home Enterprises: Identity, Space and Setting”, Conrad Lashley, Paul Lynch & Alison Morrison (eds): Hospitality: A Social Lens, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 117–128.

Edensor, Tim (2001): “Performing Tourism, Staging Tourism – (Re)producing Tourist Space and Practice”, Tourist Studies, 1:1, 59–81. [Read this article]

Getz, Donald & Jack Carlsen (2000): “Characteristics and Goals of Family and Owner-Operated Businesses in the Rural Tourism and Hospitality Sectors”, Tourism Management, 21:6, 547–560. [Read this article]

Getz, Donald; Jack Carlsen & Alison Morrison (2004): The Family Business in Tourism and Hospitality, Wallingford: CABI. [Read this article]

Gieryn, Thomas (1983): “Boundary-Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science: Strains and Interests in Professional Ideologies of Scientists”, American Sociological Review, 48:6, 781–795. [Read this article]

Goode, Jackie & David Greatbatch (2005): “Boundary Work: The Production and Consumption of Health Information and Advice Within Service Interactions Between Staff and Callers to NHS Direct”, Journal of Consumer Culture, 5:3, 315–337. [Read this article]

Granovetter, Mark (1985): “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness”, American Journal of Sociology, 91:3, 481–510. [Read this article]

Grönroos, Christian (2008): Service Management and Marketing. A Customer Relationship Management Approach, Malmö: Liber.

Helgadóttir, Gudrun & Ingibjorg Sigurdardóttir (2008): “Horse-based Tourism: Community, Quality and Disinterest in Economic Value”, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 8:2, 105–121. [Read this article]

Hochschild, Arlie R. (2003): The Commercialization of Intimate Life: Notes from Home and Work, Berkeley: University of California Press.

Hochschild, Arlie R. (1983): The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling, Berkeley: University of California Press.

Hollinshead, Keith (2008): “Tourism and the Social Production of Culture and Place: Critical Conceptualizations on the Production of Location”, Tourism Analysis, 13:5-6, 639–660.

Hollinshead, Keith (2009): “The ‘Worldmaking’ Prodigy of Tourism: The Reach and Power of Tourism in the Dynamics of Change and Transformation”, Tourism Analysis, 14:1, 139–152. [Read this article]

Holstein, James & Jaber Gubrium (1997): “Active Interviewing”,David Silverman (ed.): Qualitative Research. Theory, Method and Practice, London: SAGE, 140–161.

Lashley, Conrad & Alison Morrison (2003): “Hospitality as a ‘Commercial Friendship’”, The Hospitality Review, 5:4, 31–36.

Lee, Son Yon; Johnny Sue Reynolds & Lisa Kennon (2003): “Bed and Breakfast Industries”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 14:1, 37–53. [Read this article]

Lugosi, Peter; Paul Lynch & Alison Morrison (2009): “Critical Hospitality Management research”, The Service Industries Journal, 29(10), 1465–1478. [Read this article]

Lynch, Paul (1998): “Female Microentrepreneurs in the Host Family Sector: Key Motivations and Socio-Economic Variables”, Hospitality Management, 17, 319–342. [Read this article]

Lynch, Paul; Alison McIntosh & Hazel Tucker (eds) (2009): Commercial Homes in Tourism. An International Perspective, London & New York: Routledge.

Lynch, Paul & Doreen MacWhannell (2000): “Home and Commercialized Hospitality”, Conrad Lashley & Alison Morrison (eds): In Search of Hospitality. Theoretical Perspectives and Debates, Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 100–107.

Marcketti, Sara; Linda Niehm & Ruchita Fuloria (2006): “An Exploratory Study of Lifestyle Entrepreneurship and Its Relationship to Life Quality”, Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 34:3, 241–259. [Read this article]

Monocle (2010): “Heroes of hospitality”, 30:3, 102–114.

Nippert-Eng, Christena (1996): “Calendars and Keys: The Classification of ‘Home’ and ‘Work’”, Sociological Forum, 11:3, 563–582. [Read this article]

Ooi, Can-Seng & Richard Ek (2010): “Introduction”, Culture Unbound, 2, 303–310. [Read this article]

Ottenbacher, Michael; Robert Harrington & H.G. Parsa (2009). “Defining the Hospitality Discipline: A Discussion of Pedagogical and Research Implications”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 3:3, 263–283. [Read this article]

Perkins, Harvey & David Thorns (2001): “Gazing or Performing? Reflections on Urry´s Tourist Gaze in the Context of Contemporary Experience in the Antipodes”, International Sociology, 16:2, 185–204. [Read this article]

Pile, Steve (2010): “Emotions and Affect in Recent Human Geography”, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS, 35:1, 5–20.

Price, Linda & Eric Arnould (1999): “Commercial Friendships: Service Provider-Client Relationships in Context”, Journal of Marketing, 63:4, 38–56. [Read this article]

Reijonen, Helen (2008): “Understanding the Small Business Owner: What They Really Aim at and How this Relates to Firm Performance. A Case Study in North Karelia, Eastern Finland”, Management Research News, 31:8, 616–629. [Read this article]

Seligman, Adam (1998): “Between Public and Private”, Society, 35:3, 28–37. [Read this article]

Sennett, Richard (1993): The Fall of the Public Man, London: Faber & Faber.

Shaw, Gareth & Allan Williams (1987): “Firm Formation and Operating Characteristics in the Cornish Tourist Industry – the Case of Looe”, Tourism Management, 8:4, 344–348. [Read this article]

Simmel, Georg (2004): The Philosophy of Money, David Frisby (ed.), London & New York: Routledge.

Steiner, Philippe (2009): “Who is Right About the Modern Economy: Polanyi, Zelizer, or Both?”, Theory and Society, 38:1, 97–110. [Read this article]

The Association of Swedish Farmers (2009): Outlook 2009 for Contract Work, Horse Business, Rental, Tourism and Small-Scale Tourism Business, Stockholm: The Association of Swedish Farmers (in Swedish).

The Government Offices of Sweden (2010): Rural Development Programme for Sweden, available at: http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/08/27/31/de111eed.pdf, (10/02/19).

The Swedish Rural Network (2010), available at:
http://www.landsbygdsnatverket.se/inenglish.4.677019f111ab5ecc5be80004860.html, (10/02/19).

Zafirovski, Milan (2000): “An Alternative Sociological Perspective on Economic Value: Price Formation as a Social Process”, International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 14:2, 265–295. [Read this article]

Zelizer, Viviana (2005): The Purchase of Intimacy, Princeton University Press: Princeton & Oxford.

Åkerström, Malin (2002): “Slaps, Punches, Pinches – But not Violence: Boundary-Work in Nursing Homes for the Elderly”, Symbolic Interaction, 25:4, 515–536. [Read this article]

Downloads

Published

2010-09-16

How to Cite

Andersson Cederholm, E. and Hultman, J. (2010) “Bed, Breakfast and Friendship: Intimacy and Distance in Small-Scale Hospitality Businesses”, Culture Unbound, 2(3), pp. 365–380. doi: 10.3384/cu.2000.1525.10221365.

Issue

Section

Theme: Culture, Work and Emotion