Compulsory Creativity: A Critique of Cognitive Capitalism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.146159Keywords:
Cognitive capitalism, creativity, critique, commodification, immateri-alityAbstract
Contemporary capitalism can be labelled cognitive capitalism. In this dynamic, demanding and extremely transformative mode of production, knowledge becomes a strategic force of production and an important commodity, while concepts and ideas become items. This article sheds light on some of the implications of the emergence of a cognitive capitalism. In response to modern oxymorons, such as compulsory creativity and mandatory originality, this article offers various attempts to interpret and criticise how human inventiveness and a whole range of externalities get attuned to economic and market strategies, depriving them their natural, social and individual qualities. The aim of this article is to renew and sharpen a critique of the new type of capitalism and to foster some normative bricks that might be able to inspire alternative ways of thinking and living.
References
Arendt, Hannah (1971): The Life of the Mind, San Diego,New York & London: A Harvest Book.
Coade, Neil (1997): Be Creative: The Toolkit for Business Success, London & New York: International Thomson Business Press.
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1996): Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention, New York: Harper Perennial.
Erhvervs- og Kulturministeriet (2000): Danmarks kreative potentiale – kultur- og erhvervspolitisk redegørelse (A Review of Denmark’s Creative Potentials), Copenhagen: Ministry of Business Affairs and Ministry of Culture.
Gorz, André (2003/2010): The Immaterial: Knowledge, Value and Capital, London: Seagull Books.
Hardt, Michael & Antonio Negri (2000): Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Henriksen, Carsten (2011): ‘En nation af kreativitetsslaver’, Asterisk,11:59.
Hentig, Hartmut von (1998/1999): Kreativitet. Høje forventninger til et svagt begreb, Copenhagen: Hans Reitzel.
Innovationsrådet (2005): Innovative Danmark (Annual report), Copenhagen: The Council of Innovation.
Kant, Immanuel (1755/2000): ‘Universal Natural History and Theory of Heaven’, translated by Stephen Palmquist, Kant’s Critical Religion, Aldershot: Ashgate.
Kant Immanuel (1790/2000): Critique of the Power of Judgment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kant, Immanuel (1784/1991): ‘An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?’, London: Penguin Books.
Kristensen, Jens Erik & Steen Nepper Larsen (2008): ‘Økonomiens metamorfoser og kapitalismens hamskifte – om vidensøkonomi og kognitiv kapitalisme’, Kritik, 41.
Larsen, Steen Nepper (1995): Sproget er alles og ingens. Erkendelse og spekulation, Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.
Larsen, Steen Nepper (2002a): ‘Staten uden ambitioner’, Dansk Sociologi, 13:1.
Larsen, Steen Nepper (2002b): ‘Filosofiske betænkeligheder. Kritik af Empire’, Dansk Sociologi, 13:4.
Larsen, Steen Nepper (2004): ’Evalueringsfeber’, Dansk Sociologi, 15:1.
Larsen, Steen Nepper (2006): ‘Innovation som total national forløsning i den neoliberale stat’, Fagbladet Ingeniøren, February 17.
Larsen, Steen Nepper (2008): Kategoriale tydninger af den kognitive kapitalisme – med særligt henblik på at begribe samtidens trang og hang til kreativitet, Copenhagen: GNOSIS (Vedhæftninger 3): gnosis.au.dk/fileadmin/www.gnosis.au.dk/forskning/gnosis_vedh__ftninger/kategoriale.pdf (accessed 15 January 2014).
Larsen, Steen Nepper (2011): ‘Is Capitalism dying out?’ (review of Gorz (2010)), ephemera, 12:3.
Lazzarato, Maurizio (2004): ‘From Capital-Labour to Capital-Life’, ephemera, 4:3.
Lotringer, Sylvère (2004): ‘Preface’, Paulo Virno: The Grammar of the Multitude: For an Analysis of Contemporary Forms of Life, Los Angeles: Semiotexte.
Marx, Karl (1867/1976): Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. Volume 1, Harmondsworth: Penguin/New Left Review.
Marx, Karl (1857-1858/1973)): Grundrisse. Foundation of the Critique of Political Economy, Harmondsworth: Penguin/New Left Review.
Mead, Georg Herbert (1934): Mind, Self, and Society, Chicago: University of Chicago.
Moulier Boutang, Yann (2007/2011): Cognitive Capitalism, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Sloterdijk, Peter (2006): Zorn und Zeit. Politisch-psychologischer Versuch, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Sloterdijk, Peter (2007): Der ästhetische Imperativ. Schriften zur Kunst, Hamburg: Philo & Philo Fine Arts.
Virno, Paolo (2007): ‘Witz und innovatives Handeln’, Gerald Raunig & Ulf Wuggenig (eds): Kritik der Kreativität, Wien: Verlag Turia + Kant.
Dictionaries
Collins Dictionary Sociology (2000): Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers.
Dictionary of The History of Ideas (1973):New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Hillmann, Karl-Heinz (1994): Wörterbuch der Soziologie, Stuttgart: Alfred Kröner Verlag.
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioural Sciences (2001), Amsterdam: Elsevier.
The New Encyclopedia Britannica (1992): 15th ed., Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Nepper Larsen

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License.
Since 2021 Culture Unbound uses a Creative Commons: Attribution license for new articles, for older articles please see each article landing page.