Displaced Borders: The Written Traumatic Borderline between Pskov Province and Chechnya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1461207Keywords:
Russia, Chechnya, Pskov Province, Chechen wars, cultural trauma, b/ordering, border displacement, non-professional writingAbstract
This article examines the narrative construction of borders through an analysis of “non-professional writing” produced by the residents of Pskov. It discusses the construction of national borders and the symbolic meanings invested in them, with the empirical focus being placed on the symbolic Russian-Chechen border. The theoretical essence is the realization that due to the constructive and narrative natures of border production, the creation of a national borderline does not necessarily pre-suppose that the two sides share a geographical border. The article also addresses questions of traumatic memory and links border production with the concept of cultural trauma. By asking where Russia’s borders currently located, this article provides an example of the cultural construction and symbolic displacement of the “national border”, and a representation of how the national b/ordering processes differ when viewed from both “bottom up” and “top-down” perspectives in the contemporary Russian Federation.
References
Amos, Howard (2011): “Pskov: ‘Russia Starts Here!’”, The Moscow Times, 05 June 2011: http://www.themoscowtimes.com/beyond_moscow/pskov.html (accessed 20 February 2013).
Alexander, Jeffrey C. (2004): “ Toward a Theory of Cultural Trauma”, Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ron Eyerman, Bernhard Giesen, Neil J. Smelser & Piotr Sztompka (eds): Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity, Berkley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1–30.
Alexseev, Mikhail A. & Vagin, Vladimir (1999): “Russian Region in Expanding Europe: The Pskov Connection”, Europe-Asia Studies, 51:1, 43–64. DOI: 10.1080/09668139999119
Assmuth, Laura (2005): “To Which State to Belong? Ethnicity and Citizenship at Russia’s new EU-borders”, Thomas M. Wilson & Hastings Donnan (eds): Culture and Power at the Edges of the State: National Support and Subversion in European Border Region, Munster: Lit Verlag, 255–288.
Baschmakoff, Natalia & Mari Ristolainen (2005), “Jälkineuvostolaisen periferian muistin paikkoja”, Idäntutkimus, 4, 3–15.
Balibar, Etienne (1998): “The Borders of Europe”, Pheng Cheah & Bruce Robbins (eds): Cosmopolitics: Thinking and Feeling beyond Nation, Minneapolis & London: University of Minnesota Press, 216–229.
Blandy, C.W. (2002): Chechnya: Two Federal Disasters, Camberley: The Conflict Studies Research Centre.
Bologov, A.A. (ed.) (1970): Pskovskii krai v istorii SSSR. Velikie Luki: Pskovskoe otdelenie Lenizdata.
Caminero-Santangelo, Marta (2010): “The Lost Ones: Post-gatekeeper Border Fictions and the Construction of Cultural Trauma”, Latino Studies, 8/2010, 304–327. DOI: 10.1057/lst.2010.27
Chadayev, Umalt (2008): “Enemy Street”, Prague Watchdog, January 29th 2008, http://www.watchdog.cz/?show=000000-000004-000001-000221&lang=1 (accessed 19 August 2013).
Chandler, Andrea (1998): Institutions of Isolation: Border Controls in the Soviet Union and Its Successor States, 1917–1993, Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Dement’ev, Oleg (2013): “6-ia rota”, an e-mail interview conducted in February 2, 2013.
Dement’ev, Oleg & Vladimir Klevtsov (2007): Shag v bessmertie: O podvige voinov 6-i roty 104-go polka 76-i gvardeiskoi desantnoi divizii, Moskva: Izdatel’skii dom ”Zvonnitsa-MG”.
Donnan, Hastings (2010): “Cold War along the Emerald Curtain: Rural Boundaries in a Contested Border Zone”, Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale, 18:3, 253–266. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8676.2010.00114.x
Evangelista, Matthew (2002): Chechen Wars: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union?, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Fateev, A.V. (1999): Obraz vraga v sovetskoi propagande 1945–1954 gg., Moskva: Institut rossiiskoi istorii RAN.
Gudkov, Lev (2005): “Ideologema ”vraga”: ”Vragi” kak massovyi sindrom i mekhanizm sotsiokul’turnoi integratsii”, Lev Gudkov (ed.): Obraz vraga, Moskva: OGI, 7–79.
Hicks, Emily D. (1991): Border Writing: The Multidimensional Text, Minneapolis and Oxford, University of Minnesota Press.
Houtum, Henk van (2013): “The Border as a Moral Design ‘Over There Lies a Land, Another Land’”, Henk van Houtum & Mark Eker (eds): Grensland = Borderland, Blauwdruk, 172–182.
Houtum, Henk van & Freek Boedeltje (2009): “Europe’s Shame: Death at the Borders of the EU”, Antipode, 41/2, 226–230. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2009.00670.x
Humphrey, Peter (2009): “The State of Play in Russia’s Near Abroad”, Joint Force Quarterly, 55:4, 41–46.
Ivanov, Evgenii Pavlovich (ed.) (1994): Pskovskii krai v istorii Rossii, Pskov: Izdatel’stvo Pskovskogo oblastnogo institute usovershenstvovaniia uchitelei.
Kreps, Sarah & John Kaag (2012): “The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Contemporary Conflict: A Legal and Ethical Analysis”, Polity, 2012, 1–26.
Lavrov, Sergei (2014): ”Lavrov: My nikogda ne nazyvali Estoniiu vragom”. Postimees, 18 February, 2014. http://rus.postimees.ee/2700920/print/lavrov-my-nikogda-ne-nazyvali-jestoniju-vragom (accessed 20 February 2014).
Merritt, Martha (2000): “A Geopolitics of Identity: Drawing the Line between Russia and Estonia”, Nationalities Papers, 28:2, 243–262. DOI: 10.1080/713687468
Oliker, Olga (2001): Russia’s Chechen Wars 1994–2000: Lessons from Urban Combat, Santa Monica, CA: RAND Arroyo Center.
Osborn, Andrew (2006): “Kremlin Film Makes Heroes out of Paratroops It Left to Be Massacred”, The Independent, Monday 15 May, 2006, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/kremlin-film-makes-heroes-out-of-paratroops-it-left-to-be-massacred-478266.html (accessed 19 August 2013).
Oushakine, Serguei (2009): Patriotism of Despair: Nation, War, and Loss in Russia, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
Rachkova, Aleksandra (2004): “Novye voiny dukha”, Ekklesiast, 91:6, http://old.ekklesiast.ru/arhiv/2004/06_2004/09.htm (accessed 22 February 2013).
Rapoport, Anatoli (2009): “Patriotic Education in Russia: Stylistic Move or a Sing of Substantive Counter-Reform?”, The Educational Forum, 73, 141–152. DOI: 10.1080/00131720902739569
Regamey, Amandine (2007): “La 6e compagnie: les interprétations d’une défaite russe en Tchétchénie”, The Journal of Power Institutions in Post-Soviet Societies, Issue 6/7, http://www.pipss.org/document913.html (accessed 15 August 2013).
Ristolainen, Mari (2008): Preferred Realities: Soviet and Post-Soviet Amateur Art in Novorzhev, Helsinki, Kikimora Publications.
Ristolainen, Mari (2014): “Russian Border Guards’ Self-Writing Online: Breaking Down the Soviet Cult of Heroism?”, Scando Slavica, 60/1, 7–27. DOI: 10.1080/00806765.2013.855373
Robin, Ron Theodore (2003): Making of the Cold War Enemy: Culture and Politics in the Military: Intellectual Complex, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Rumford, Chris (2006), “Theorizing Borders”, European Journal of Social Theory, 9, 155–169. DOI: 10.1177/1368431006063330
Sieca-Kozlowski, Elisabeth (2013): “The Post-Soviet Russian State facing War Veterans’ Psychological Suffering”, The Journal of Power Institutions in Post-Soviet Societies, 14/15: http://pipss.revues.org/3995 (accessed 15 November 2013).
Smelser, Neil J. (2004): “Psychological Trauma and Cultural Trauma”, Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ron Eyerman, Bernhard Giesen, Neil J. Smelser & Piotr Sztompka (eds.): Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity, Berkley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 31–59.
Solomeshch, Ilja (2001): “Image of Neighbour: The Karelian Question in the 20th Century European Context”, Nordic Notes, 5/2001: http://diemperdidi.info/nordicnotes/vol05/articles/solomeshch.html (accessed 22 February 2013).
Thomas, Timothy L. & Charles P. O'Hara (2000): “Combat Stress in Chechnya: The Equal Opportunity Disorder”, Army Medical Department Journal, 1:2:3, 46–53.
Vaughan-Williams, Nick (2009): Border Politics: The Limits of Sovereign Power, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Weber, Leanne & Sharon Pickering (2011): Globalization and Borders: Death at the Global Frontier, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1057/9780230361638
Wilmoth, Michael D. & Peter G. Tsouras (2000): “Ulus-Kert: An Airborne Company’s Last Stand”, Military Review, 81:4, 91–96.
Yusin, Jennifer (2009): “The Silence of Partition: Borders, Trauma, and Partition History”, Social Semiotics, 19:4, 453–468. DOI: 10.1080/10350330903361141
Zvereva, Galina (2005): “Chechenskaia voina v diskursakh massovoi kul’tury Rossii: Formy reprezentatsii vraga”, Lev Gudkov (ed.): Obraz vraga. Moskva: OGI, 302–335.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Ristolainen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License.
Copyright for all manuscripts rests with the author(s). The editors reserve the right to edit manuscripts. Contributors are responsible for acquiring all permissions from the copyright owners for the use of quotations, illustrations, tables, etc. Each author must, before final publication fill, in a publishing agreement provided by LiU E-Press.
Since 2021 Culture Unbound uses a Creative Commons: Attribution license for new articles, which allows users to distribute the work and to reform or build upon it without the author's permission. Full reference to the author must be given. For older articles please see each article landing page.