Lennart Nilsson’s A Child Is Born: The Many Lives of a Best-Selling Pregnancy Advice Book

Authors

  • Solveig Jülich Department of History of Science and Ideas, Uppsala University, Sweden

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1573627

Keywords:

Lennart Nilsson 1922–, A Child Is Born, reproductive medicine, medical photography, pregnancy advice books, book and media history, 20th-century history, Sweden

Abstract

This article examines the circulations and transformations of photographer Lennart Nilsson’s pregnancy advice book Ett barn blir till (A Child Is Born) through its five Swedish editions from 1965 to 2009 as well as some of the translations in English and other languages. Published by Bonnier, the leading media company in Sweden, the book combines images and texts to dramatise the story of conception, foetal development and pregnancy. In particular, the aim is to explore how various commercial, cultural and material processes have co-produced and changed the identity of A Child Is Born. Inspired by research on the biography of things, the article traces the life-course of the book and the photographic material it includes. Two principles of transformation are emphasised. In the first process, the book, although undergoing significant changes, preserved a material and discursive unity and moved in relatively fixed domains. This movement occurred in relation to an origin that can be understood in terms of creativity, authorship and copyright. The second process did not require the integrity of a creative work. Rather, it was the intense features of the book and its images, their affective and iconic power, which enabled the circulations and appropriations. It is argued that Nilsson’s book could be described as a thoroughfare for images and texts in constant motion, instead of a fixed and stable object. Entangled in a culture of circulation, it has taken on a dynamic of its own and has moved as much through accident as through design. In these changes, the book has become self-reflexive in its adjustments over a range of arenas and milieus. The life of (the images in) A Child Is Born encompasses many lives, each ensnared in the trajectories and transformations of others.

References

(1964): ‘Kungafonden delar ut 208 480 kronor till kultur’, Stockholms-Tidningen, 27 October.

(1965): ‘Livet före födelsen’, Idun Veckojournalen, no. 36, 16–17.

Anker, Suzanne & Sarah Franklin (2011): ‘Specimens as Spectacles: Reframing Fetal Remains’, Social Text, 29: 1, 103–125. DOI: 10.1215/01642472-1210283

Appadurai, Arjun (ed.) (1986): The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511819582

Berlant, Lauren (1997): The Queen of America Goes to Washington City: Essays on Sex and Citizenship, Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.

Bolter, Jay David & Richard Grusin (1999): Remediation: Understanding New Media, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Brum, Gil D., Larry K. McKane & Gerald Karp (1994): Biology: Exploring Life, Chichester: John Wiley.

de Chadarevian, Soraya (1997): ‘Using Interviews to Write the History of Science’, Thomas Söderqvist (ed): The Historiography of Contemporary Science and Technology, Amsterdam: Harwood Academic.

Cokke, Robert E. & Pearl Buck (eds) (1968): The Terrible Choice: The Abortion Dilemma, New York: Bantam.

Dubow, Sara (2011): Ourselves Unborn: A History of the Fetus in Modern America, New York: Oxford University Press.

Duden, Barbara (1993): Disembodying Women: Perspectives on Pregnancy and the Unborn, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Edwards, Elizabeth (2012): ‘Objects of Affect: Photography Beyond the Image’, Annual Review of Anthropology, 41, 221–234. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145708

Edwards, Elizabeth & Janice Hart (2004): ‘Introduction: Photographs as Objects’, Elizabeth Edwards & Janice Hart (eds): Photographs, Objects, Histories: On the Materiality of Images, London: Routledge.

Ekström, Anders et al. (2011): ‘Participatory Media in Historical Perspective: An Introduction’, Anders Ekström et al. (eds): History of Participatory Media: Politics and Publics, 1750–2000, New York: Routledge.

Engström, Lars (1965a): ‘En lysande bilderbok: Men varför anti-abortpropaganda?’, Läkartidningen 62: 46, 3818–3819.

Engström, Lars (1965b): ‘“Bilderboken”: En omöjlig hybrid’, Läkartidningen, 62: 51, 4294–4295.

Franklin, Sarah (1991): ‘Fetal Fascinations: New Dimensions to the Medical-Scientific Construction of Fetal Personhood’, Sarah Franklin, Celia Lury & Jackie Stacey (eds): Off-Centre: Feminism and Cultural Studies, London: HarperCollins Academic.

Goldin, Nan (1986): Nan Goldin, Marvin Heiferman, Mark Holborn & Suzanne Fletcher (eds): The Ballad of Sexual Dependency, New York: Aperture.

Gorney, Cynthia (1998): Articles of Faith: A Frontline History of the Abortion Wars, New York: Simon & Schuster.

Government Offices of Sweden, Ministry of Education and Research (2009): ‘Government awards photographer Lennart Nilsson title of professor’, press release, June 4.

Guadagnini, Walter (ed) (2013): Photography: From the Press to the Museum 1941–1980, History of Photography 3, Milano: Skira.

Hansen, Bert (2009): Picturing Medical Progress from Pasteur to Polio: A History of Mass Media Images and Popular Attitudes in America, New York: Rutgers University Press.

Hedlund, Ingvar & Leif Johansson (2000): ‘“Oetiskt och respektlöst”’, Expressen, 30 November.

Holborn, Mark (2007): Propaganda: Fotografier från sovjetiska arkiv, Stockholm: Max Ström.

Hopwood, Nick (2015): Haeckel’s Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226047133.001.0001

Hopwood, Nick et al. (2015): ‘Introduction: Communicating Reproduction’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 89: 3. DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2015.0064

Hughes, Richard L. (2006a): ‘Burning Birth Certificates and Atomic Tupperware Parties: Creating the Antiabortion Movement in the Shadow of the Vietnam War’, The Historian, 68: 3, 541–558. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6563.2006.00158.x

Hughes, Richard L. (2006b): ‘“The Civil Rights Movement of the 1990s?”: The Anti-Abortion Movement and the Struggle for Racial Justice’, The Oral History Review, 33: 2, 1–24. DOI: 10.1525/ohr.2006.33.2.1

Januszczak, Waldemar (2006): ‘What Happens Next’, The Sunday Times, 26 February.

Jenkins, Henry (2006): Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide, New York: New York University Press.

Jülich, Solveig (2010): ‘Lennart Nilssons tidiga fosterfotografier: Från abortdebatt till sexualundervisning’, Torbjörn Gustafsson Chorell & Maja Bondestam (eds): In på bara huden: Medicinhistoriska studier tillägnade Karin Johannisson, Nora: Nya Doxa.

Jülich, Solveig (2011): ‘Fetal Photography in the Age of Cool Media’, Anders Ekström, Solveig Jülich, Frans Lundgren & Per Wisselgren (eds): History of Participatory Media: Politics and Publics, 1750–2000, New York: Routledge.

Jülich, Solveig (2013): ‘Televising Inner Space: Lennart Nilsson’s Early Medical Documentaries on the Interior of the Human Body’, Anna Dahlgren, Dag Petersson & Nina Lager Vestberg (eds): Representational Machines: Photography and the Production of Space, Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.

Jülich, Solveig (2014a): ‘Colouring the Human Landscapes: Lennart Nilsson and the Spectacular World of Scanning Electron Micrographs’, Nuncius, 29: 2, 464–97. DOI: 10.1163/18253911-02902007

Jülich, Solveig (2014b): ‘Lennart Nilsson’s Arranged Reality’, Niclas Östlind (ed): Between Realities: Photography in Sweden 1970–2000, Lund: Arena.

Jülich, Solveig (2015a): ‘The Making of a Best-Selling Book on Reproduction: Lennart Nilsson’s A Child Is Born’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 89: 3, 491–526. DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2015.0091

Jülich, Solveig (2015b): ‘Lennart Nilsson’s Fish-Eyes: A Photographic and Cultural History of Views from Below’, Konsthistorisk tidskrift/Journal of Art History, 84: 2, 75–92.

Jülich, Solveig (2015c): ‘Fosterbildernas skilda levnadsbanor’, Svenska Dagbladet, July 19.

Jülich, Solveig (forthcoming 2016a): ‘Picturing Abortion Opposition in Sweden: Lennart Nilsson’s Early Photographs of Embryos and Foetuses’, Social History of Medicine.

Jülich, Solveig (forthcoming 2016b): ‘Drama of Life before Birth’, Nick Hopwood, Rebecca Fleming & Lauren Kassell (eds): Reproduction: From Antiquity to the Present Day, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Jülich, Solveig (book manuscript, in progress): ‘Images of Life and Death: The Lennart Nilsson Industry, 1940–2010’.

Kitzinger, Sheila & Lennart Nilsson (1986): Being Born, London: Dorling Kindersley.

Lash, Scott & Celia Lury (2007): Global Culture Industry: The Mediation of Things, Cambridge: Polity.

Lindberg, Tobias (2004): Ett nytt sätt att se: Om bildtidningen Se 19381945, Diss. Lund: Lund University.

Linnér, Birgitta & Lennart Nilsson (1967): Sex and Society in Sweden, New York: Pantheon Books.

Lykke, Nina & Mette Bryld (2003): ‘Kønsceller, mikrober og mariehøns: Videnskabsdokumentarens cyborg-blik’, Mette Bryld og Randi Markussen (eds): Cyberkulturer og rekonfigurationer, Fredriksberg: Samfundslitteratur.

Lykke, Nina & Mette Bryld (2004): ‘Bevisets teater: Videnskabsdokumentargenren og læsninger af Lennart Nilsson’, Polhem: Teknikhistorisk årsbok, 90–106.

Lykke, Nina & Mette Bryld (2008): ‘From Rambo Sperm to Egg Queens: Two Versions of Lennart Nilsson’s Film on Human Reproduction’, Nina Lykke and Anneke Smelik (eds): Bits of Life: Feminism at the Intersections of Media, Bioscience, and Technology, Seattle: Washington University Press.

Mapplethorpe, Robert (1996): Pistils, edited and designed by Mark Holborn & Dimitri Levas; essay by John Ashbery, London: Jonathan Cape.

Matthews, Sandra & Laura Wexler (2000): Pregnant Pictures, New York: Routledge.

Morgan, Lynn M. (2009): Icons of Life: A Cultural History of Human Embryos, Berkeley: University of California Press. DOI: 10.1525/california/9780520260436.001.0001

Münster, Erik (1966): ‘Forord’, Lennart Nilsson, Axel Ingelman-Sundberg & Claes Wirsén: Et barn bliver til: En billedskildring af de 9 måneder før fødslen – en praktisk vejledning for den vordende mor, København: Gyldendal.

Nilsson, Lennart & Karl E. Hillgren, ‘Varför måste fostret dödas?’, Se, no. 28, 1952, 13–17.

Nilsson, Lennart & Per Uddén, ‘Rädda våra ofödda’, Idun Veckojournalen, no. 46, 1964, 19–23.

Nilsson, Lennart & Albert Rosenfeld (1965): ‘Drama of Life before Birth’, Life, 30 April, 54–72A.

Nilsson, Lennart & Eleanor Graves (1965): ‘Att få ett barn’, Idun Veckojournalen, no. 38, 26–33, 46–48, and no. 39, 34–42, 44.

Nilsson, Lennart & Eleanor Graves (1966): ‘A Woman on Her Way to a Miracle’, Life, July 22, 48–62.

Nilsson, Lennart & Jackie Lindeberg (1965): ‘En lektion för livet’, Idun Veckojournalen, no. 39, 16–19, 50, 52.

Nilsson, Lennart, Axel Ingelman-Sundberg & Claes Wirsén (1965): Ett barn blir till: En bildskildring av de nio månaderna före födelsen: En praktisk rådgivare för den blivande mamman, 1st Swedish ed., Stockholm: Bonnier.

Nilsson, Lennart, Axel Ingelman-Sundberg & Claes Wirsén (1966): A Child Is Born: The Drama of Life before Birth in Unprecedented Photographs; A Practical Guide for the Expectant Mother, 1st American ed., New York: Delacorte Press

Nilsson, Lennart, Axel Ingelman-Sundberg & Claes Wirsén (1967): The Everyday Miracle: A Child Is Born, 1st British ed., London: Allen Lane/The Penguin Press.

Nilsson, Lennart, Mirjam Furuhjelm, Axel Ingelman-Sundberg & Claes Wirsén (1976): Ett barn blir till: En bildskildring av barnets tillblivelse före födelsen och praktiska råd när man väntar barn, 2nd Swedish ed,, Stockholm: Bonnier.

Nilsson, Lennart, Mirjam Furuhjelm, Axel Ingelman-Sundberg & Claes Wirsén (1977): A Child Is Born: New Photographs of Life before Birth and Up-To-Date Advice for Expectant Parents, 2nd American ed., New York: Delacorte Press.

Nilsson, Lennart, Axel Ingelman-Sundberg, Claes Wirsén & Mirjam Furuhjelm (1977): A Child Is Born: New Photographs of Life before Birth and Up-To-Date Advice for Expectant Parents, 2nd British ed., London: Faber & Faber.

Nilsson, Lennart & Lars Hamberger (1990): Ett barn blir till, 3rd Swedish ed., Stockholm: Bonnier.

Nilsson, Lennart & Lars Hamberger (1990): A Child Is Born, 3rd American ed., New York: Delacorte Press.

Nilsson, Lennart & Lars Hamberger (1990): A Child Is Born, 3rd British ed., London: Doubleday.

Nilsson, Lennart & Lars Hamberger (2003): Ett barn blir till, 4th Swedish ed., Stockholm: Bonnier.

Nilsson, Lennart & Lars Hamberger (2003): A Child Is Born, 4th American ed., New York: Delacorte Press.

Nilsson, Lennart & Lars Hamberger (2003): A Child Is Born, 4th British ed., London:

Nilsson, Lennart & Lars Hamberger (2009): Ett barn blir till, 5th Swedish ed., small format. Stockholm: Bonnier.

Nilsson, Lennart, Lars Hamberger & Mark Holborn (2009): Ett barn blir till, 5th Swedish ed., large format. Stockholm: Bonnier.

Nilsson, Lennart & Lars Hamberger (2009): A Child Is Born, 5th English ed., small format. London: Jonathan Cape.

Nilsson, Lennart, Lars Hamberger & Mark Holborn (2009): A Child Is Born, 5th English ed., large format. London: Jonathan Cape.

Nilsson, Lennart (2011): Ett barn blir till: Dagboken, Stockholm: Bonnier.

Nilsson, Lennart, Jan Cornell & Rune Pettersson (1975): How You Began: A Story in Pictures, Harmondsworth: Kestrel Books.

Nilsson, Lennart & Lena Katarina Swanberg (1996): How Was I Born? A Child’s Journey Through the Miracle of Birth, New York: Bantam Dell Publishing Group.

Sauerteig, Lutz (2009): ‘Representations of Pregnancy and Childbirth in (West) German Sex Education Books, 1900s–1970s’, Lutz D. H. Sauerteig & Roger Davidson (eds): Shaping Sexual Knowledge: A Cultural History of Sex Education in Twentieth Century Europe, London: Routledge.

Smith, Helen (2012): ‘Grossly Material Things’: Women and Book Production in Early Modern England, Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199651580.001.0001

Stabile, Carol A. (1992): ‘Shooting the Mother: Fetal Photography and the Politics of Disappearance’, Camera Obscura, 10, no. 28, 178–205. DOI: 10.1215/02705346-10-1_28-178

Süss, Gunter (2012): ‘“Turn Your Radio On”: Intermediality in the Computer Game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas’, Bernd Herzogenrath (ed.): Travels in Intermedia[lity]: ReBlurring the Boundaries, Hanover: Dartmouth College Press.

Utredningen rörande sexual- och samlevnadsfrågor i undervisnings- och upplysningsarbetet (1974): Sexual- och samlevnadsundervisning, Stockholm: LiberFörlag/Allmänna förlaget.

William-Olsson, Margareta & Anna Wetterqvist (2000): ‘Fostren på berömda bilder är döda’, Göteborgs-Posten, 1 October.

Willke, Jack & Barbara Willke (1973): How to Teach the Pro-Life Story, Cincinatti, Ohio: Hiltz & Hayes Publishing Co.

Television programmes and films with photographs by Lennart Nilsson

(1965): Så börjar livet, written by Claes Wirsén and Bernt Bernholm, produced by Lasse Wallén, Sol-film.

(1967): Barnet 1–2, written by Claes Wirsén, and Maj-Brith Bergström-Walan, produced and directed by H. Cronsioe, Svensk Tonfilm.

(1982): Sagan om livet, written and produced by Bo. G. Eriksson and Carl O. Löfman.

(1996): Livets mirakel, written and produced by Bo. G. Eriksson, directed by Mikael Agaton.

(2010): Resan till livets kärna, written and directed by Mikael Agaton.

Websites

Buklijas, Tatjana & Nick Hopwood (2008): Making Visible Embryos, http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/visibleembryos/ (accessed 12/07/15).

Fotografiska (2011): http://en.fotografiska.eu/TheMuseum/Previous-Exhibitions/A-Child-is-Born (accessed 10/10/11).

Fotografiska (2015): http://fotografiska.eu/en/utstallningar/travelling-exhibitions/ (accessed 12/07/15).

Lennart Nilsson Photography AB (2015): http://www.lennartnilsson.com/ (accessed 12/07/15).

TT News Agency (2015): http://web.tt.se/lennart_nilsson/ (accessed 12/07/15).

Interviews by the author

Bergström-Walan, Maj-Briht, January 16, 2009.

Dal, Barbro, January 12, 2009.

Grenholm, Lennart, December 22, 2008.

Hagenfeldt, Kerstin, June 28, 2010.

Hamberger, Lars, March 3, 2009.

Ingelman-Sundberg, Axel, November 7, 2008.

Pettersson, Rune, January 13, 2009.

Streiffert, Bo, December 3, 2009.

Tolander, Bo, November 27, 2008.

Wirsén, Claes, October 29, 2008.

Downloads

Published

2015-01-19

How to Cite

Jülich, S. (2015) “Lennart Nilsson’s A Child Is Born: The Many Lives of a Best-Selling Pregnancy Advice Book”, Culture Unbound, 7(4), pp. 627–648. doi: 10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1573627.